{"id":271,"date":"2026-01-21T19:29:49","date_gmt":"2026-01-21T19:29:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\/ic-wip\/?p=271"},"modified":"2026-03-03T19:32:21","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T19:32:21","slug":"wnbiponwednesdays-dr-linda-cremonesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\/ic-wip\/2026\/01\/21\/wnbiponwednesdays-dr-linda-cremonesi\/","title":{"rendered":"#WNBiPonWednesdays: Dr Linda Cremonesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We are back with another\u00a0<a class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n x18oe1m7 x1sy0etr xstzfhl x972fbf x10w94by x1qhh985 x14e42zd x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 x3ct3a4 xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz _aa9_ _a6hd\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/explore\/tags\/wnbiponwednesdays\/\">#WNBiPonWednesdays<\/a>! This week we interviewed Linda Cremonesi, a <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">UKRI Future Leaders Fellow and Associate Professor in Particle Physics.<\/span> Thank you for taking the time to talk with us Linda \ud83d\ude01<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"245\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-254 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\/ic-wip\/files\/2026\/03\/Screenshot-2026-03-03-at-7.08.32-pm-300x245.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Can you explain your area of expertise?<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">My area of research is particle physics, especially <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">neutrinos<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">. Neutrinos are somewhat like the smallest bit of matter that human brains could think of, because we don&#8217;t know how small their mass is. At most it\u2019s 1eV, but it could be a million times smaller than that, or even more. My specialty is looking at <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">neutrino oscillations<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">&#8211; neutrinos come in three flavours (as far as we know), and when a neutrino is produced in a specific flavour, after it travels from a place to another this flavour can change. But what we don&#8217;t know yet is whether neutrinos and anti-neutrinos behave in the same way. The experiments that I work on are trying to understand the differences between neutrino and anti-neutrino oscillations. This is because we want to understand the differences in behaviour between matter and anti-matter<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">and then link it to the <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">origin of the universe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Can you describe the work you are currently doing?<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Currently I work on two experiments. They&#8217;re called Long Baseline Neutrino Experiments, one of them is called <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">NOVA<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">, and the other one is called <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">DUNE<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">. NOVA is the currently running experiment. We produce<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"> muon neutrino<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">s at Fermilab, and then we throw them to northern Minnesota, 810 kilometres away. Then we check which neutrinos get there. Many of these neutrinos change into the tau flavour, which you cannot see, and a few of them change into the electron flavour, which we can see. We look at these changes, and then we repeat the exact same experiment with anti-neutrinos. NOVA is currently taking data checking these changes. The second experiment I work on is called the DUNE, and it&#8217;s under construction, the idea is pretty much the same, but it&#8217;s going to be <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">bigger and better<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"> in some sort of ways, so we&#8217;ll be able to produce more neutrinos, so have higher statistics, and the technology that we use to understand neutrino interactions is going to be higher quality, so we&#8217;ll have a <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">better resolution<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">and understanding what&#8217;s happening at the neutrino interaction level.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">How do you detect the neutrinos?<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Neutrinos are <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">electrically neutral<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">, so they don&#8217;t interact with the electromagnetic force, they\u2019re leptons, so they don&#8217;t interact with the strong force, and they have a very small mass, although they can feel a little bit of the gravitational force, it&#8217;s tiny, tiny, tiny. The only way to see neutrinos is when they interact with the matter through the <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">weak force <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">and then produce other particles. We can never see a trace of a neutrino itself. The neutrino must have hit something, and this something is usually a nucleus. In the case of NOVA, the nucleus is either carbon or oxygen. We have a charge current interaction, in which a charged boson a <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">W boson<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"> is exchanged. So, the neutrino is not a neutrino anymore, and it becomes a muon or an electron. Basically, what you see in our event display is nothing, nothing, nothing&#8230; and then a muon being produced in a boosted sort of direction from where you know the neutrino is coming from. Usually, other particles have been produced as well, sometimes protons or pions, depending on the neutrino energy. So that&#8217;s how we sort of see the neutrino, when most of the time when the neutrino is not a neutrino anymore and it became the <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">charged lepton<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Can you describe your path into physics?<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">I grew up in the countryside of northern Italy. I did my bachelor&#8217;s at <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">University of Milan<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"> in physics, and as a third year, I was able to be part of the Erasmus exchange programme at <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Queen Mary University of London<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">. I almost got into neutrinos randomly, because all the other students chose their project three months before. By the time I got there a lot of the projects had already been taken. One of the leftover projects was a project about neutrinos. I didn\u2019t know very much about them, but I ended up really liking it. I did a master&#8217;s at UCL, went back to Queen Mary to do a PhD, went back to UCL to do a postdoc, then went back to Queen Mary as an academic and fellow. A couple of months ago, I came to Imperial, moved my fellowship. In terms of research, it&#8217;s always been on neutrino oscillation experiments. During my undergrad and PhD, I was working on Japanese experiments that work in a similar way to DUNE and NOVA. During my postdoc at UCL, I worked on the <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Anita<\/span> <span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">experiment,<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"> which still deals with neutrinos, but they&#8217;re <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">ultra-high energy neutrinos<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"> that travel very long distances from outside the galaxy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">The idea of the experiment was there were a bunch of antennas attached to a<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"> giant helium balloon<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">. Then every summer in <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Antarctica<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">, there is a polar vortex which blows anti clockwise in a semi constant manner. So, when you sort of throw the balloon up in the air it travels anti clockwise for about a month. Then the radio antennas look down at the ice because when the high energy neutrinos interact with the ice, it produces a shower of particles, and this shower of particles also produces a thing called <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">cascade radiation<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"> which is a small impulse in the radio frequencies, so very similar to the one that a piezoelectric will do, that is very deep in the ice so I was down in Antarctica in 2016 for that.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Why is public engagement important?<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">I&#8217;ve done a lot of public engagement and science outreach in general. I think it helps me <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">connect with my research,<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"> my day-to-day job is sitting at a computer developing code or meetings and things like that. One of the things I like is sort of reconnecting to the reasons why I am doing this job. The second reason is pretty much <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">visibility<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">. A lot of people influenced me; I had a lot of <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">role models<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"> and people that inspired me. I think if we can get more diversity into physics and more diverse thinking it would be a really good idea, public engagement and science outreach is a reason to get that. And a third reason is because, in the end, we are paid with public funds, so I think it&#8217;s important to be held accountable to the public on what we do.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Do you have any advice to other people that want to get into Physics?<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">When I started my journey in physics, there wasn&#8217;t necessarily someone like me. I&#8217;m an out gay woman, and at the time, I don&#8217;t think there were a lot of out gay people. The first people I met that were part of the <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">LGBT <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">community, were gay men. And so, I had to, in some sort of way, be my own role model, create a space for myself. So the advice to give to people is just don&#8217;t be afraid to be the first person like yourself, to be your own role model and <\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">create a space<\/span><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">. If you don&#8217;t see someone like you in physics, it means we need someone like you in physics.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We are back with another\u00a0#WNBiPonWednesdays! This week we interviewed Linda Cremonesi, a UKRI Future Leaders Fellow and Associate Professor in Particle Physics. Thank you for taking the time to talk with us Linda \ud83d\ude01 Can you explain your area of expertise? My area of research is particle physics, especially neutrinos. Neutrinos are somewhat like the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1959,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[60,48173],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-interviews","category-uncategorised"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>#WNBiPonWednesdays: Dr Linda Cremonesi - Women and Non-Binary Individuals in Physics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\/ic-wip\/2026\/01\/21\/wnbiponwednesdays-dr-linda-cremonesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"#WNBiPonWednesdays: Dr Linda Cremonesi - Women and Non-Binary Individuals in Physics\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We are back with another\u00a0#WNBiPonWednesdays! This week we interviewed Linda Cremonesi, a UKRI Future Leaders Fellow and Associate Professor in Particle Physics. Thank you for taking the time to talk with us Linda \ud83d\ude01 Can you explain your area of expertise? My area of research is particle physics, especially neutrinos. 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