{"id":1084,"date":"2017-09-21T12:10:20","date_gmt":"2017-09-21T12:10:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\/ighi\/?p=1084"},"modified":"2019-03-28T16:41:17","modified_gmt":"2019-03-28T16:41:17","slug":"discovering-the-medicines-of-tomorrow-four-lessons-from-failed-alzheimers-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\/ighi\/2017\/09\/21\/discovering-the-medicines-of-tomorrow-four-lessons-from-failed-alzheimers-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Discovering the medicines of tomorrow: Four lessons from failed Alzheimer\u2019s research"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>By guest blogger Chanice Henry, Editor, <\/em><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pharma-iq.com\/\">Pharma IQ<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1085 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\/ighi\/files\/2017\/09\/elder-1471399_1920-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>Even though drug development for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease has a steep failure rate, the lessons learned from failed trials are of great benefit to future research.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/health\/alzheimers-disease-fact-sheet\">Alzheimer\u2019s<\/a> is the most common form of dementia \u2013 the irreversible loss of memory and other cognitive functions which eventually makes daily tasks unmanageable.<\/p>\n<p>As the life expectancy of the world\u2019s population grows, the Alzheimer\u2019s is becoming more common. Estimates suggest that <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cts.12491\/full\">\u00a0the number of affected US patients will climb from 5.3 million to almost 14 million by 2050.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>In the fight against this disease many have dedicated their careers to revolutionise how the neurodegenerative disease is diagnosed and handled. Recent studies have created <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nydailynews.com\/life-style\/health\/new-technology-predict-alzheimer-years-doctors-article-1.3461065\">artificial intelligence that can identify the presence of Alzheimer\u2019s two years before a doctor.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Progression has been made in the understanding of this progressive brain cell failure with <a href=\"http:\/\/www.alz.org\/research\/science\/alzheimers_treatment_horizon.asp\">\u201c..promising targets for next-generation drug therapies under investigation in current research studies\u201d according to<\/a> the Alzheimer\u2019s association.<\/p>\n<p>However, the failure rates are high when it comes to creating new medical treatments to stop, slow or prevent Alzheimer\u2019s. Between 2002 to 2012 there was a reported 99.6% failure rate within drug discovery for this condition.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cts.12491\/full\"><strong>Jeffrey Cummings<\/strong><\/a> notes that researchers have a duty to make sure that both the physical and financial efforts behind these failed trials are not in vain as they have a lot to contribute in the battle against Alzheimer\u2019s.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Some key lessons from failed trials to incorporate into today\u2019s R&amp;D pipelines: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pharma-iq.com\/clinical\/articles\/do-disruptive-discoveries-herald-the-end-of-animal\"><strong>Animal models aren\u2019t reliable indicators of toxicity of efficacy in humans<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Animal testing has long played a key role in the development of drugs and the understanding of how diseases function. However, animal models also have critical translation issues when results are compared to human trials.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cts.12491\/full\"><strong>Jeffrey Cummings<\/strong><\/a> notes that past Alzheimer studies have shown that these assays are unable to provide reliable evidence about the potential impact of the disease on the wider array of pathology characteristics. Nor can they predict the success of a candidate in the human settings.<\/p>\n<p>Amid pressure to limit discovery losses and be more ethically responsible, a movement is building to encourage researchers to develop drug testing models that do not involve animals.<\/p>\n<p>An area with promise to replace animal models within preclinical testing is induced pluripotent stem cells derived from humans with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Location of trial population <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cts.12491\/full\"><strong>Jeffrey Cummings<\/strong><\/a> notes that disease-modifying therapies require a large clinical trial base. With patient recruitment for these trials being an obstacle, clinical sites often need to be based in various regions around the world. \u00a0This multi-region set-up will cause the data to be influenced by variables including language, culture, trial experience and genetics. This influence could be enough to compromise the ability to reliably demonstrate cause and effect when comparing the placebo and the candidate.<\/p>\n<p>Sponsors should aim to minimize variability in global trials <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cts.12491\/full\">\u201c to insure greater data homogeneity.\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Collect data on various biomarkers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Biomarkers, factors that indicate the presence or the severity of a disease, are key to understanding how diseases operate.\u00a0 Protein Beta amyloid and amyloid plaque on the brain is a key biomarker of Alzheimer\u2019s.<\/p>\n<p>With a view to contribute to the wider understanding of the neurobiology of Alzheimer\u2019s and how to combat it\u2019s effects, <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cts.12491\/full\"><strong>Jeffrey Cummings<\/strong><\/a> urges sponsors to gather \u201camyloid-tau, neurodegeneration biomarker data as well as other emerging biomarkers.\u201d More specifically biomarkers that are linked to \u201cthe mechanism of the intervention to delineate a comprehensive view of the impact of treatment.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Confirm the biomarkers of trial recruits <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Those with mild dementia and without the key amyloid plaque biomarker are not seen to meet the trial requirements for Alzheimer\u2019s research. This is due to the differences in condition severity and disease progression patterns. By including patients that do not meet biomarker requirements researchers can skew the integrity of the results. \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cts.12491\/full\"><strong>Jeffrey Cummings<\/strong><\/a> notes that diagnosis of participants should be confirmed through techniques such as amyloid imaging.<\/p>\n<p>The task of curing this neurodegenerative disease is tall. However, as <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cts.12491\/full\"><strong>Jeffrey Cummings<\/strong><\/a> rightly states, informing today\u2019s drug discovery with lessons learned from failed trials will enable pharma to discover the drugs urgently needed by the rapidly growing population of Alzheimer\u2019s sufferers.<\/p>\n<p>Today (21st September) is World Alzheimer\u2019s Day. \u00a0Visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alzheimers.org.uk\/\">website<\/a> to find out more.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By guest blogger Chanice Henry, Editor, Pharma IQ Even though drug development for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease has a steep failure rate, the lessons learned from failed trials are of great benefit to future research. Alzheimer\u2019s is the most common form of dementia \u2013 the irreversible loss of memory and other cognitive functions which eventually makes daily [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":283,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[301308],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1084","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-diseases"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Discovering the medicines of tomorrow: Four lessons from failed Alzheimer\u2019s research - Institute of Global Health Innovation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\/ighi\/2017\/09\/21\/discovering-the-medicines-of-tomorrow-four-lessons-from-failed-alzheimers-research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Discovering the medicines of tomorrow: Four lessons from failed Alzheimer\u2019s research - Institute of Global Health Innovation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By guest blogger Chanice Henry, Editor, Pharma IQ Even though drug development for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease has a steep failure rate, the lessons learned from failed trials are of great benefit to future research. Alzheimer\u2019s is the most common form of dementia \u2013 the irreversible loss of memory and other cognitive functions which eventually makes daily [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\/ighi\/2017\/09\/21\/discovering-the-medicines-of-tomorrow-four-lessons-from-failed-alzheimers-research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Institute of Global Health Innovation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-09-21T12:10:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-03-28T16:41:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\/ighi\/files\/2017\/09\/elder-1471399_1920-300x200.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jo Seed\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Imperial_IGHI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Imperial_IGHI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jo Seed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\\\/ighi\\\/2017\\\/09\\\/21\\\/discovering-the-medicines-of-tomorrow-four-lessons-from-failed-alzheimers-research\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\\\/ighi\\\/2017\\\/09\\\/21\\\/discovering-the-medicines-of-tomorrow-four-lessons-from-failed-alzheimers-research\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jo Seed\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\\\/ighi\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/96e525d803a4519a89a8689ce380dcf4\"},\"headline\":\"Discovering the medicines of tomorrow: Four lessons from failed Alzheimer\u2019s research\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-09-21T12:10:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-03-28T16:41:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\\\/ighi\\\/2017\\\/09\\\/21\\\/discovering-the-medicines-of-tomorrow-four-lessons-from-failed-alzheimers-research\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":735,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\\\/ighi\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\\\/ighi\\\/2017\\\/09\\\/21\\\/discovering-the-medicines-of-tomorrow-four-lessons-from-failed-alzheimers-research\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\\\/ighi\\\/files\\\/2017\\\/09\\\/elder-1471399_1920-300x200.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Disease\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\\\/ighi\\\/2017\\\/09\\\/21\\\/discovering-the-medicines-of-tomorrow-four-lessons-from-failed-alzheimers-research\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\\\/ighi\\\/2017\\\/09\\\/21\\\/discovering-the-medicines-of-tomorrow-four-lessons-from-failed-alzheimers-research\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\\\/ighi\\\/2017\\\/09\\\/21\\\/discovering-the-medicines-of-tomorrow-four-lessons-from-failed-alzheimers-research\\\/\",\"name\":\"Discovering the medicines of tomorrow: Four lessons from failed Alzheimer\u2019s research - 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