{"id":443,"date":"2016-05-25T11:10:27","date_gmt":"2016-05-25T11:10:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/imperialighi.wordpress.com\/?p=443"},"modified":"2019-03-29T10:54:19","modified_gmt":"2019-03-29T10:54:19","slug":"towards-eliminating-schistosomiasis-in-africa-a-multi-disciplinary-effort","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\/ighi\/2016\/05\/25\/towards-eliminating-schistosomiasis-in-africa-a-multi-disciplinary-effort\/","title":{"rendered":"Towards Eliminating Schistosomiasis in Africa \u2013 A Multi-Disciplinary Effort"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>By <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/people\/m.templeton\">Dr Michael Templeton<\/a>, Reader in Public Health Engineering,\u00a0<\/em><em>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/www.vocfm.co.za\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Africa-Day.jpg\" \/>Wednesday, May 25<sup>th<\/sup> 2016 marks <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Africa_Day\">Africa Day<\/a>, the 53<sup>rd<\/sup> anniversary of the founding of the Organisation of African Unity, the forerunner of the African Union. There have been so many wonderful developments in Africa in the last 53 years, but sadly the quality of life of many of the poorest people in Africa continues to be limited by the burden of a group of debilitating diseases known collectively as <a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/diseases\/en\/\">neglected tropical diseases<\/a> (NTDs), which have afflicted millions of Africans since ancient times. Therefore, it is hugely exciting that in 2012 The World Health Assembly put forward an important\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/Schistosomiasis_wha65\/en\/\">resolution<\/a>\u00a0to not only control but completely eliminate one such NTD, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schistosomiasis\">schistosomiasis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>It has been estimated that 200 million people in developing countries, most of whom live in Africa, are infected with the parasite causing schistosomiasis, which manifests itself in a range of symptoms, including enlargement of the liver and spleen, anaemia, increased risk of bladder cancer, exacerbation of the transmission of HIV and its progression to AIDS, and in extreme cases seizures. The parasite lives within infected people, with aquatic snails acting as intermediate hosts and releasing cercariae (the larval form of the parasite) into water bodies, which then penetrate the skin of other people who come in contact with the contaminated water. Preventing people from coming into contact with contaminated water and preventing urine and faeces from passing into water bodies should stop this cycle, however most endemic countries lack adequate water and sanitation provision. Achieving the WHA\u2019s ambitious elimination goal will therefore require a coordinated, multi-disciplinary strategy, involving mass preventive chemotherapy with the drug praziquantel but also improving access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). \u00a0<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>To this end, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/people\/jack.grimes10\">Dr Jack Grimes<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/people\/m.templeton\">Dr Michael Templeton<\/a> in the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/civil-engineering\">Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering<\/a> at Imperial College London are currently working with colleagues in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/schistosomiasis-control-initiative\">Schistosomiasis Control Initiative<\/a> in the School of Public Health and other partners to determine the best inter-disciplinary interventions for controlling, and hopefully even some day fully eliminating, schistosomiasis in Ethiopia. Their <a href=\"http:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosntds\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004515\">recent paper<\/a> published in <a href=\"http:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosntds\/\"><em>PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases<\/em><\/a> summarises a 2013-14 Ethiopian national mapping programme and presents data collected on the health (schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases) and school WASH conditions of over 80,000 children in over 1,600 schools across the country. An important conclusion was that the most effective types of WASH interventions can differ depending on the disease, because of differences in transmission pathways between diseases. Furthermore, different WASH interventions might be needed for the same disease but in different settings; for example, in some communities there may be a need for safe laundry, bathing or recreational swimming facilities to minimise exposure to a contaminated water body, whereas in others the priority might be to build improved latrine blocks, as shown below, so that the current dilapidated, unhygienic latrines no longer act as a major focal point for disease transmission.<\/p>\n<p>The hope is that the experience and knowledge arising from this ongoing collaboration will guide on-the-ground WASH and health professionals towards the most effective, community-level, combined chemotheraphy and WASH interventions so that Africa can move closer to finally eliminating schistosomiasis.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/imperialighi.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/05\/mike-temp-1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-444 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/imperialighi.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/05\/mike-temp-1.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_445\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-445\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imperialighi.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/05\/mike-temp-2.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-445 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/imperialighi.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/05\/mike-temp-2.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-445\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inadequate and improved latrine facilities in rural Ethiopia (photos courtesy of J.E.T. Grimes).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Dr Michael Templeton, Reader in Public Health Engineering,\u00a0Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London Wednesday, May 25th 2016 marks Africa Day, the 53rd anniversary of the founding of the Organisation of African Unity, the forerunner of the African Union. There have been so many wonderful developments in Africa in the last 53 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1060,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14884,301308],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-africa","category-diseases"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Towards Eliminating Schistosomiasis in Africa \u2013 A Multi-Disciplinary Effort - Institute of Global Health Innovation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\/ighi\/2016\/05\/25\/towards-eliminating-schistosomiasis-in-africa-a-multi-disciplinary-effort\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Towards Eliminating Schistosomiasis in Africa \u2013 A Multi-Disciplinary Effort - Institute of Global Health Innovation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Dr Michael Templeton, Reader in Public Health Engineering,\u00a0Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London Wednesday, May 25th 2016 marks Africa Day, the 53rd anniversary of the founding of the Organisation of African Unity, the forerunner of the African Union. 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