{"id":1421,"date":"2018-08-08T09:40:45","date_gmt":"2018-08-08T08:40:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\/imperial-medicine\/?p=1421"},"modified":"2018-08-08T17:19:29","modified_gmt":"2018-08-08T16:19:29","slug":"can-we-trust-the-tobacco-industry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.imperial.ac.uk\/imperial-medicine\/2018\/08\/08\/can-we-trust-the-tobacco-industry\/","title":{"rendered":"Can we trust the tobacco industry?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Image credit: Stanford Medical School<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Originally published on Dr Nick Hopkinson’s blog<\/a> and reproduced here with permission,<\/strong>\u00a0this post looks at the Tobacco Industry’s dark history of appropriation\u00a0and subversion of science.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u201cIt ain\u2019t no new thing<\/a>\u201d sang Gil Scott Heron in 1972, condemning the appropriation of black culture by white recording artists.\u00a0A recent research paper published in\u00a0Tobacco Control<\/a>\u00a0throws light on Tobacco Industry appropriation\u00a0and subversion of science. Their\u00a0goal,\u00a0to prevent or delay measures which reduce their ability to market products that are among the leading causes of death worldwide\u00a0(1)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Gil-Scott Heron<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The Smoking Research Foundation (SRF), established by Japan Tobacco in 1986, with support from other major players in the tobacco industry, provided a scientific and political mechanism for strategies to delay tobacco control measures. The evidence that passive smoke exposure is a health hazard, particularly to children<\/a> is\u00a0clear (2)<\/a> and findings, such as that non-smoking wives of smokers had an\u00a0increased lung cancer risk<\/a>\u00a0(3)<\/a>, were seen by the industry as a major threat.\u00a0 SRF committees brought together former senior civil servants from health and finance ministries (the Japanese idiom for this practice is \u201cdescent from heaven\u201d) as well as academics and tobacco company officials. The SRF cast doubt on the scientific consensus and promoted passive smoking as an issue of \u201ccivility\u201d rather than hazard, diverting attention away from smoking to concepts like \u201csick building syndrome\u201d. As Philip Morris Japan put it, SRF members influenced policy, to \u201cforestall restrictions on indoor smoking\u201d. This groundwork has been effective, and the apparent lack of consensus on health harms has influenced court decisions. In 2010 a Japanese court ruled that Japan Tobacco could not have realised \u201cthe magnitude of the risks posed by tobacco in developing diseases such as lung cancer\u201d. It also contributed to attempts to weaken smoke-free legislation around the 2020\u00a0Tokyo Olympics<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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This work, based on information held in the\u00a0Truth Tobacco Industry Documents<\/a>\u00a0archive, which houses tobacco industry internal corporate documents produced during litigation between the tobacco industry and US states, is timely. The recently formed\u00a0Philip Morris Foundation for a Smoke Free World<\/a>\u00a0is cut from similar cloth. This promises to provide $80 million research funding (roughly 0.1% of its revenue) per year for 10 years. The prize for the industry is distraction, a place at the table, reputational enhancement and the delivery of its own take on the harm reduction process. Supposedly\u00a0independent<\/a>, the foundation is in fact mandated to investigate harm reduction and smoking alternatives rather than a comprehensive approach to reducing smoking uptake and promoting cessation. As far back as 1954, the\u00a0Tobacco Industry Research<\/a>\u00a0Committee, supposedly founded to foster independent research into lung cancer, was in fact intended to spread doubt and reassure the public that the health harms of smoking were exaggerated or not real. The Philip Morris Foundation has been criticised by groups including the\u00a0WHO<\/a>\u00a0and contravenes guidelines on working with the tobacco industry, developed in response to the industry\u2019s long history of\u00a0distorting science<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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The most charitable explanation for PMI\u2019s proposal to \u201cend smoking\u201d is that they intend, at their own pace, to switch consumers from one of their products to another, at different rates in rich and poor countries, with no loss of shareholder value. Key to their strategy is the representation of a new, engaged and \u201cgood\u201d tobacco industry absolved from the deeds of the past. But there is no \u201cgood\u201d industry and the \u201cpast\u201d deeds are very much in the present. The Philip Morris that purports to want to end smoking is the same one that\u00a0takes countries to court to fight regulations on smoking<\/a>, that\u00a0aggressively markets its products to young people<\/a>\u00a0in the developing world, the same one using\u00a0sponsorship of the Ferrari Formula One team<\/a>\u00a0to promote its Marlboro brand. Transnational tobacco companies continue to engage in bullying and litigation, bribery and smuggling, deceit on an industrial scale, funding politicians and sock puppet think tanks.<\/p>\n

As with science, so with culture more broadly. Tobacco industry misappropriation of American Indian culture is well documented \u2013 framing smoking as a free-spirited activity with an authentic spiritual or sacred connection to the world. This has led to the associated brands being perceived as healthier and more natural\u00a0(4)<\/a>.\u00a0LGBT culture<\/a>\u00a0has been used for targeted marketing and the tobacco industry funded\u00a0African American political<\/a>\u00a0bodies as part of a drive to promote menthol flavours to a population of new consumers.<\/p>\n

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Philip Morris<\/a>: \u201cMarlboro would probably have a very difficult time getting anywhere in the young black market. The odds against it there are heavy. Young blacks have found their thing, and it’s menthol in general and Kool in particular<\/i>.\u201d<\/p>\n

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The misappropriation of culture, the corruption of science, goes back at least 6 decades and continues unabated. What Philip Morris is peddling, as Gil Scott Heron put it, \u201cain\u2019t no new thing, it\u2019s just the same old sh*t.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

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Dr Nick Hopkinson (@COPDdoc)<\/a>\u00a0is\u00a0a Reader in Respiratory Medicine at Imperial\u2019s National Heart and Lung Institute as well as\u00a0an Honorary Consultant Chest Physician at\u00a0The Royal Brompton Hospital<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Read Nick’s other blog posts on COPD.\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

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References:<\/strong><\/div>\n
    \n
  1. Iida K, Proctor RN. \u2018The industry must be inconspicuous\u2019: Japan Tobacco\u2019s corruption of science and health policy via the Smoking Research Foundation.\u00a0Tobacco Control.\u00a0<\/i>2018.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Royal College of Physicians. Passive smoking and children. A report of the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians. 2010.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Hirayama T. Non-smoking wives of heavy smokers have a higher risk of lung cancer: a study from Japan.\u00a0British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed).\u00a0<\/i>1981;282(6259):183-185.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. \u00a0D\u2019Silva J, O\u2019Gara E, Villaluz NT. Tobacco industry misappropriation of American Indian culture and traditional tobacco.Tobacco Control.\u00a0<\/i>2018.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Originally published on Dr Nick Hopkinson’s blog and reproduced here with permission,\u00a0this post looks at the Tobacco Industry’s dark history of appropriation\u00a0and subversion of science. \u201cIt ain\u2019t no new thing\u201d sang Gil Scott Heron in 1972, condemning the appropriation of black culture by white recording artists.\u00a0A recent research paper published in\u00a0Tobacco Control\u00a0throws light on Tobacco […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1167,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[152],"tags":[218524,219488],"class_list":["post-1421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nhli","tag-smoking","tag-tobacco"],"yoast_head":"\nCan we trust the tobacco industry? 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