High-Performance Computing and sovereignty considerations
High-Performance Computing (HPC) is a key infrastructure upon which UK’s future digital economy is being built; with a wide range of applications in science and commerce, with Artificial Intelligence being its most recent and popular application. HPC-sovereignty, a strategic national asset for digital sovereignty, is a country’s ability to develop, deploy and control supercomputing infrastructure independent from foreign interference. The UK’s public-HPC capacity can drive innovation across science and technology, and complement private HPC-infrastructure. EPSRC-funded researchers (EP/Z533701/1), on whose behalf this is contributed, are developing a road-map for an environmentally sustainable HPC landscape. The study also finds that different countries demarcate their HPC-sovereignty differently, based on their computing infrastructure and circumstances. Many countries in the developing world support national AI models for applications while continuing to rely on foreign cloud providers. The UK and other European countries have both datacentres and domestic AI models as their HPC-sovereignty. USA and China interpret sovereignty to encompass foundries for chip-manufacture, datacentres, and AI models, within national boundaries. Such sovereignty considerations are shaping company strategies for where they locate and what they invest into. Geopolitical uncertainties imply that domestic production capacity and computational capacity delineate one’s HPC-sovereignty.
